Caracterización de los pacientes oncológicos que ingresan por comorbilidades en el Hospital Universitario «Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau» / Characterization of cancer patients admitted for comorbidities at "Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau" University Hospital

Introducción Según datos de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS), el cáncer se ha convertido en una de las primeras causas de muerte a nivel mundial debido al aumento progresivo, si no existe control de su propagación. La valoración conjunta del paciente por parte de distintos especialistas que asumen su abordaje desde diferentes perspectivas, siempre mejora la atención de los mismos y en el caso del paciente oncológico no es una excepción. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes oncológicos que ingresaron por comorbilidades en el Hospital Universitario «Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau» de la provincia Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Hospital Universitario «Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau», de enero a diciembre del 2020, mediante la revisión documental de las historias clínicas al egreso. Resultados: En el sexo femenino, en pacientes de 60 años y más, predominaron los tumores de pulmón, mama y colorrectal, y en el sexo masculino, de pulmón, próstata y hemolinfopoyético El tumor de pulmón fue la localización más frecuente, predominó entre las comorbilidades, las neumonías en pacientes del sexo femenino, mayores de 60 años. Los pacientes ingresados por Diabetes Mellitus, presentaban una enfermedad estable, seguidos por los que se encontraban en progresión, los que ingresaron con insuficiencia cardiaca, presentaban tumor en pulmón o laringe. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que ingresaron por tener tumor de pulmón se asociaron a mayor número de complicaciones y egresos fallecidos. Recomendamos perfeccionar la atención integral de estos pacientes por oncólogos e internistas.

ABTRACT Introduction: according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to its progressive increase, if there is no control of its spread. The joint assessment of the patients by different specialists who assume their approach from different perspectives always improves their care and in the case of cancer patients this is not an exception. Objective: to characterize cancer patients admitted for comorbidities at "Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau" University Hospital in Villa Clara province. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at "Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau" University Hospital from January to December 2020, through documentary review of the medical records at discharge. Results: females aged 60 years and over predominated; lung, breast, and colorectal tumours predominated in this gender, as well as lung, prostate, and hemolymphopoietic tumours in males. Lung tumour was the most frequent location; pneumonia prevailed among the comorbidities, in females older than 60 years. Patients admitted for diabetes mellitus had a stable disease, followed by those who were in progression; those who were admitted with heart failure had a lung or larynx tumour. Conclusions: patients admitted for having a lung tumour were associated with a greater number of complications and deaths at discharge. We recommend improving a comprehensive care of these patients by oncologists and internists.

Research progress on health literacy of cancer caregivers / 中国实用护理杂志

This paper was reviewed the research status of health literacy of cancer caregivers, including an overview of health literacy, assessment tools for health literacy of cancer caregivers, factors affecting health literacy of cancer caregivers and measures to improve health literacy of cancer caregivers. To provide theoretical basis for the localized development of health literacy assessment tools for cancer caregivers and further research.

Factors Related to the Content of Consultation in the Cancer Nursing Outpatient Department of a Designated Cancer Care Hospital

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors related to the content of consultation in the cancer nursing outpatient department of Gunma University Hospital. Method: A retrospective survey was conducted with 1084 cases, excluding the unknown cases, from 1308 consultations in FY2019. Survey items included age, gender, consulter, number of uses, treatment status, consultation content, etc. We conducted χ2 tests, and binomial logistic regression analysis between the content of the consultation and the attributes of the user. Results: The treatment-related content was associated with the following factors: 70s or older, family/relatives only, presence of recurrence/metastasis, first use, pre-treatment, urinary organs, uterine/ovary, and unknown primary. The body-related content was associated with the following factors: under treatment, post-treatment, no recurrence/metastasis, and digestive organs. The mental health-related content was associated with 30s or younger, 40s–60s, patient only, and second time or more. The social aspects-related content was associated with the following factors: patient only, family/relatives only, no recurrence/metastasis, and breast. Conclusion: The results reveal that associated factors differ by consultation content. These findings can be used to prepare for consultation based on the relevant associated factors.

Critical assessment of resource waste in staging and follow-up of breast cancer

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a public health problem with both high incidence and cure rates. After treatment, patients are monitored for long periods of time due to the risk of recurrence. Thus, staging and follow-up strategies should consider not only the best results for the patient but also its costs for the public health system. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify the waste of resources on breast cancer follow-up and evaluate its impact on the public health system. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive medical records to identify the intervals between consultations and tests used for staging and during the first 2 years of follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated at a public hospital in Brazil. Data were compared with the guidelines of the main international consensus. RESULTS: Medical records of 60 consecutive patients treated in 2018 were selected, of whom 52 had 2 or more years of follow-up, and 8 had only 1 year of complete follow-up. A total of 34 patients (56.67%) underwent excessive examinations for stating. During follow-up, 125 surplus consultations were performed (33.6%). In this phase, 111 surplus exams were also performed, representing an increase of 100.9%. A total of 423 laboratory tests were performed for 18 patients in the first year and 229 tests for 14 patients in the second year. CONCLUSION: Excessive tests and consultations significantly burdened the Unified Health System without any benefit to patients. Better adherence to staging and follow-up recommendations could reduce costs and optimize the limited resources used in the public health system.

Reseña histórica de la revista ONCOLOGÍA (Ecuador) / Historical review of the journal ONCOLOGÍA (Ecuador)

La revista Oncología (Ecuador) es una revista médica de acceso abierto que se publica cuatrimestralmente por la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer del Ecuador (SOLCA). La revista fue fundada en 1993 y publica artículos originales, revisiones bibliográficas, artículos especiales, casos clínicos y cartas al editor en el campo de la oncología.La revista Oncología (Ecuador) está indexada en las siguientes bases de datos: Latindex, LILACS, DOAJ, tiene un comité editorial internacional que está compuesto por expertos en oncología de todo el mundo. Los manuscritos enviados a la revista son revisados por pares.La revista Oncología (Ecuador) es una importante fuente de información para los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en el campo de la oncología.

The journal Oncología (Ecuador) is an open-accessmedical journal published quarterly by the Society for the Fight against Cancer of Ecuador (SOLCA). The journal was founded in 1993 and publishes original articles, literature reviews, special articles, clinical cases,and letters to the editor in the field of oncology.The journal Oncología (Ecuador) is indexed in the following databases: Latindex, LILACS, and DOAJ, which havean international editorial board that is made up of oncology experts from around the world. Manuscripts submitted to the Journal are peer-reviewed.The JpurnalOncología (Ecuador) is an essentialsource of information for health professionals working in oncology

Patients’ and caregivers’ perception of safety and accessibility of cancer care during the covid-19 pandemic: A survey in a tertiary academic cancer center in the Philippines

Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency. High levels of fear and limited access to cancer treatment may jeopardize the delivery of optimal oncologic care, potentially influencing treatment outcomes. This study aimed to identify patients’ and their caregivers’ perception of safety and accessibility of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey of patients and caregivers at the Benavides Cancer Institute, University of Santo Tomas Hospital was performed from August to October 2020 using a 20-item investigator-developed questionnaire. @*Results@#A total of 207 participants answered the survey. Frequency of hospital visits varied from none to more than ten times in the previous month; but having multiple postponements were uncommon. Eighty-two percent, 77%, 62%, and 55% of participants reported being afraid of contracting COVID-19 from other patients, hospital surroundings, hospital staff, and doctors, respectively. Twenty-six percent and 12% had difficulty finding transportation and passing through checkpoints, respectively. Twenty-eight percent strongly expressed financial limitations in prioritizing cancer care. Participants were amenable to the use of telemedicine and stringent protocols to reduce in-hospital transmission risk, but had some reluctance to spend out of their pockets for screening tests. @*Conclusion@#The perceived safety of cancer care was influenced by fears of contracting COVID-19; and accessibility was influenced by limited transportation and financial constraints. Despite these, multiple postponements and cancelled hospital visits were uncommon. Institutional approaches targeting these concerns will be crucial to ensure safe and timely delivery of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic and further mitigate its impact on oncologic outcomes.

Respuesta en la atención del cáncer durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia: gestión en clínicas y hospitales / Cancer Care Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia: Management in Clinics and Hospitals / Resposta no atendimento ao câncer durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na Colômbia: gestão em clínicas e hospitais

Introducción. El principal reto en la atención del cáncer durante la pandemia causada por la COVID-19 fue asegurar la oportunidad en el diagnóstico y tratamiento a cerca de 100,000 casos nuevos de cáncer al año en Colombia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la respuesta de las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud sobre su gestión en los servicios para la atención de la patología oncológica en el primer semestre del año 2020. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo y transversal tipo encuesta sobre la caracterización de los pacientes oncológicos con COVID-19, la capacidad instalada, la atención integral del cáncer, la implementación de telesalud/telemedicina y el apoyo institucional durante la pandemia. Participaron veinticinco prestadores con servicio de cirugía oncológica y quimioterapia o radioterapia. Resultados. El 56% de prestadores reportó pacientes oncológicos con COVID-19. Todos reportaron cambios de gestión en la capacidad resolutiva ante la pandemia: el 76% acondicionó infraestructura y dispositivos, el 84% adoptó la telesalud/telemedicina y el 92% recibió asistencia en planes de acción. El 48% de las instituciones prestadoras evidenciaron una disminución en el tamizaje de cáncer. Discusión. Este estudio evidencia que la emergencia de la pandemia obligó a apresurar los esfuerzos de infraestructura y recursos en las entidades oncológicas de Colombia. Los resultados obtenidos en la disminución de tamización de cáncer a nivel nacional se equiparán con los datos reportados por distintos países, incluyendo la región de las Américas. Conclusión. Los hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de mejorar la capacidad de respuesta del sistema de salud en escenarios de emergencia sanitaria que eviten el retraso en la atención y las acciones en salud pública del cáncer.

Introduction. The main challenge in cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic was to ensure the timelines of diagnosis and treatment of nearly 100,000 new cancer cases per year in Colombia. The objective of this research was to know the response of the Health Service Provider Institutions on their management of services for cancer care in the first semester of the year 2020. Methodology. Descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-type study on the characterization of cancer patients with COVID-19, installed capacity, comprehensive cancer care, telehealth/telemedicine implementation, and institutional support during the pandemic. Twenty-five providers with oncological surgery and chemotherapy or radiotherapy services participated. Results. Fifty-six percent of providers reported cancer patients with COVID-19. Everyone reported management changes in pandemic response capacity: 76% upgraded infrastructure and devices, 84% adopted telehealth/telemedicine and 92% received assistance in action plans. Forty-eight percent of the provider institutions showed a decrease in cancer screening. Discussion. This study shows that the emergency of the pandemic forced to rush the efforts of infrastructure and resources in the oncological entities of Colombia. The results obtained in the decrease of cancer screening nationally will be equated with the data reported by different countries, including the Americas region. Conclusion. The findings show the need to improve the response capacity of the health care system in health emergency scenarios to avoid delays in cancer care and public health actions.

Introdução. O principal desafio no tratamento do câncer durante a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19 foi garantir oportunidade no diagnóstico e tratamento de quase 100,000 novos casos de câncer por ano na Colômbia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer a resposta das Instituições Prestadoras de Serviços de Saúde sobre sua gestão nos serviços para atendimento de patologia oncológica no primeiro semestre do ano de 2020. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo e transversal do tipo enquete sobre caracterização de pacientes oncológicos com COVID-19, capacidade instalada, atenção integral ao câncer, implantação de telessaúde/telemedicina e apoio institucional durante a pandemia. Participaram vinte e cinco prestadores de serviços de cirurgia oncológica e quimioterapia ou radioterapia. Resultados. 56% dos provedores relataram pacientes oncológicos com COVID-19. Todos relataram mudanças de gestão na capacidade de resposta diante da pandemia: 76% adaptaram infraestrutura e dispositivos, 84% adotaram telessaúde/telemedicina e 92% receberam assistência em planos de ação. 48% das instituições prestadoras apresentaram uma diminuição no rastreamento do câncer. Discussão. Este estudo mostra que a emergência da pandemia obrigou a acelerar os esforços de infraestrutura e recursos nas entidades oncológicas da Colômbia. Os resultados obtidos na redução do rastreamento do câncer em nível nacional são equivalentes com os dados relatados por diferentes países, incluindo a região das Américas. Conclusão. Os achados mostram a necessidade de melhorar a capacidade de resposta do sistema de saúde em cenários de emergência sanitária que evitem atrasos no atendimento e nas ações de saúde pública para o câncer.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado / Prevalence and factors associated to advanced stage breast cancer diagnosis

Resumo Este estudo transversal investigou a prevalência e os fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado entre 18.890 mulheres assistidas em hospital especializado da capital do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre os anos 1999 e 2016. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Apresentaram maiores prevalências de diagnóstico nessa condição mulheres com idade entre 20-39 e 40-49 anos, de raça/cor da pele preta e parda, que viviam sem companheiro(a), procedentes de outros municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que tiveram o Sistema Único de Saúde como origem do encaminhamento e que foram diagnosticadas nos sexênios 1999-2004 e 2005-2010. Em contrapartida, mulheres com idade entre 60-69 e 70-99 anos, que cursaram algum nível de escolaridade, com histórico familiar de câncer e que chegaram ao hospital com diagnóstico e sem tratamento apresentaram menores prevalências de diagnóstico em estágio avançado. Esses resultados podem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de prevenção secundária, a fim de antecipar o diagnóstico de câncer de mama dos grupos mais vulneráveis e assim colaborar para a redução da prevalência do diagnóstico em estágio avançado.

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with advanced stage breast cancer diagnosis among 18,890 women assisted in a specialized hospital in the capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1999 to 2016. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals. The highest prevalence of diagnosis in this condition was in women aged 20-39 and 40-49 years, black and brown, living without a partner, from other cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, who were referred by the Unified Health System and diagnosed in the 1999-2004 and 2005-2010 six-year periods. On the other hand, women aged 60-69 and 70-99 years, with some schooling level, with a family history of cancer and who arrived at the hospital with diagnosis and without treatment had lower prevalence of advanced stage breast cancer diagnosis. These results can be considered when planning secondary prevention actions to anticipate and, thus, collaborate to reduce the prevalence the breast cancer diagnosis in the most vulnerable groups.

Perfil de pacientes com linfoma em hospital do sul do Brasil / Profile of patients with lymphomas in a hospital in southern Brazil

Introdução: os linfomas são um tipo de câncer sem causas completamente elucidadas e com incidência crescente ao longo dos últimos anos. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnosticados com linfoma assistidos entre os anos de 2015 e 2017 no Hospital Pompéia de Caxias do Sul/RS. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, por meio de busca ativa em prontuários médicos físicos e eletrônicos para a coleta de dados sociodemográficos dos pacientes, os quais foram submetidos à análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Resultados: No estudo, 61 pacientes integraram a população, sendo os Linfomas não-Hodgkin os que mais acometem os indivíduos. Pôde-se notar uma prevalência numérica de indivíduos brancos (90,2%), do sexo masculino (59%), com escolaridade baixa e média de idade de 53 anos, sendo 65,3% dos indivíduos com idade inferior a 60 anos. Prevalecem também indivíduos não tabagistas e não etilistas (57,4% e 62,3%). Quanto à mortalidade, identificou-se um valor de 13,1%. Foi identificada associação entre o histórico familiar de câncer e o tabagismo e etilismo. Conclusões: o método utilizado possibilitou alcance do objetivo proposto. Trabalhos como o presente estudo se mostram benéficos por identificar o perfil dos pacientes e relacioná-los com fatores de risco controláveis. O aumento do número de casos de linfoma é preocupante e esse crescimento exige adaptação dos profissionais da área da saúde de forma generalizada.

Introduction: Lymphomas are a type of cancer without completely elucidated causes and with an increasing incidence over the last few years. Thus, the aim of this work is to identify the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with lymphoma treated between 2015 and 2017 at the Pompéia Hospital in Caxias do Sul/RS. Methods: A retrospective study, through an active search in physical and electronic medical records to collect patient sociodemographic data, which were submitted to qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: In the study, 61 patients comprised the population, with non-Hodgkin lymphomas being the ones that most affect individuals. A numerical prevalence of white individuals (90.2%), male (59%), with low schooling and a mean age of 53 years was observed, with 65.3% of individuals under the age of 60 years. Non-smoking and non-alcoholic individuals also prevail (57.4% and 62.3%). As for mortality, a value of 13.1% was found. An association was identified between a family history of cancer and smoking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The method used was effective in meeting the proposed aim. Studies such as the present one are beneficial for identifying the profile of patients and relating them to controllable risk factors. The increase in the number of cases of lymphoma is worrying and this growth requires adaptation of health professionals in a generalized way.

Possibilidades de focos de intervenção na saúde mental da população oncológica durante a pandemia da Covid-19 / Possibilities of intervention focuses on the mental health of the oncology population during the Covid-19 pandemic

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe uma série de problemas envolvendo a saúde pública. Dentre essas, a saúde mental de populações específicas ficaram prejudicadas, fazendo com que se tornasse analisar focos de intervenções específicas para as mesmas. Dentre estas, os pacientes oncológicos se mostram mais vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de problemas em saúde mental durante a pandemia, necessitando que sejam pensadas intervenções efetivas e focais para o seu cuidado. Essa carta tem como objetivo alertar os profissionais de saúde mental a respeito do tema e dar uma breve orientação sobre o foco necessário de cuidado.(AU)

The Covid-19 pandemic brought a series of problems involving public health. Among these, the mental health of specific populations was impaired, making it necessary to analyze foci of specific interventions for them. Among these, cancer patients are more vulnerable to the development of mental health problems during the pandemic, requiring effective and focused interventions for their care. This letter aims to alert mental health professionals about the topic and give brief guidance on the necessary focus of care.(AU)

La pandemia de Covid-19 trajo una serie de problemas relacionados con la salud pública. Entre estos, la salud mental de poblaciones específicas se vio afectada, por lo que fue necesario analizar focos de intervenciones específicas para ellos. Entre estos, los pacientes con cáncer son más vulnerables al desarrollo de problemas de salud mental durante la pandemia, lo que requiere intervenciones efectivas y enfocadas para su atención. Esta carta tiene como objetivo alertar a los profesionales de la salud mental sobre el tema y brindar una breve guía sobre el enfoque necesario de la atención.(AU)

Manejo de neoplasias oncohematológicas en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: recomendación de expertos / Management of oncohematological neoplasms in the COVID-19 pandemic: experts recommendation

RESUMEN La pandemia por COVID-19 originado por el Coronavirus 2 causante de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) es causante de una crisis de salud pública a nivel global. Muchos reportes indican resultados desalentadores en pacientes con cáncer respecto a la población general. Por ello, los expertos en el manejo de neoplasias oncohematológicas del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, hospitales nacionales y una clínica privada de Lima Metropolitana han desarrollado recomendaciones obtenidas por consenso para continuar con el manejo de pacientes con neoplasias oncohematológicas en forma segura ante la coyuntura de pandemia.

ABSTRACT The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global public health crisis. Many reports indicate disappointing results in cancer patients compared to the general population. Therefore, experts in the management of oncohematological malignancies from the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, national hospitals and a private clinic in Metropolitan Lima have developed recommendations obtained by consensus to continue with the management of patients with oncohematological neoplasms safely in the face of the pandemic.

Construção e Validação de um Protocolo de Cuidados para Pacientes Críticos com Câncer em Delirium / Construction and Validation of a Care Protocol for Critical Patients with Cancer in Delirium / Construcción y Validación de un Protocolo de Atención al Paciente Crítico con Cáncer en Delirium

Introdução: A frequência de delirium em unidades de terapia intensiva oncológica é elevada. Objetivo: Construir um protocolo de cuidados para pacientes com câncer em delirium, internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva e investigar sua validade de face e de conteúdo. Método: Estudo descritivo realizado em 2016 em um centro de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Um comitê formado por 43 juízes apreciou as validades de face e de conteúdo do protocolo que foi construído a partir das recomendações constantes no Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium. Calcularam-se o índice de validade de conteúdo e as proporções de pertinência e de conformidade de cada item desse protocolo. Resultados: Todos os 19 itens obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo >0,80 e proporções de conformidade superiores a 95%. A proporção de pertinência de cada item variou de 86% a 100%. Conclusão: O protocolo apresentou adequadas validades de face e de conteúdo, mostrando-se promissor no manejo do delirium em pacientes com câncer internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Introduction: The frequency of delirium in oncology intensive care units is high. Objective: To build a care protocol for cancer patients with deliriumadmitted to an intensive care unit and investigate its face and content validity. Method: Descriptive study conducted in 2016 in a high complexity care center in oncology located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A committee formed by 43 judges assessed the face and content validity of the protocol that was built from the recommendations contained in the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium. The content validity index and the proportions of pertinence and compliance of each item of the protocol were calculated. Results: All 19 items had a content validity index >0.80 and proportions of compliance greater than 95%. The relevance ratio of each item ranged from 86% to 100%. Conclusion: The protocol presented adequate face and content validity, being promising for the management of delirium in cancer patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Introducción: La frecuencia del delirium en las unidades de cuidados intensivos oncológicos es alta. Objetivo: Elaborar un protocolo de atención para pacientes oncológicos con delirium ingresados en unidad de cuidados intensivos e investigar su validez aparente y de contenido. Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado en 2016 en un centro de atención de alta complejidad en oncología ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Un comité formado por 43 jueces evaluó la validez aparente y de contenido del protocolo que se construyó a partir de las recomendaciones contenidas em el Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium. Se calculó el índice de validez de contenido y las proporciones de pertinencia y cumplimiento de cada ítem del protocolo. Resultados: Los 19 ítems tenían un índice de validez de contenido >0,80 y proporciones de cumplimiento superiores al 95%. El índice de relevancia de cada ítem osciló entre el 86% y el 100%. Conclusión: El protocolo presentó una adecuada validez aparente y de contenido, y se mostró prometedor en el manejo del delirium en pacientes con cáncer ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Marketing Social como Estratégia para o Controle do Tabagismo / Social Marketing as a Strategy for Tobacco Control / El Marketing Social como Estrategia para el Control del Tabaco

Introdução: O marketing social é reconhecidamente uma ferramenta utilizada pela gestão de saúde coletiva no Brasil. Em se tratando especificamente da promoção da prevenção e controle do tabagismo, é importante analisar como se dá o seu uso por meio do principal órgão governamental nacional que detém essa atribuição. Objetivo: Analisar, a partir do uso do marketing social, em que nível de complexidade estão sendo propostas mudanças na sociedade em relação ao tabagismo. Método: Por meio da análise das campanhas publicitárias produzidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) e utilizando a abordagem da análise do discurso publicitário, foi possível direcionar a investigação e compreender o processo de construção das peças publicitárias. Resultados:Após a categorização dos discursos, conforme a predominância de suas funções, foi viável relacioná-los aos níveis de mudança social pretendidos em cada peça publicitária e, com isso, compreender como o marketing social pode ser uma importante estratégia de promoção à adoção de medidas capazes de prevenir de doenças, como é o caso do câncer. Conclusão: Identificou-se a utilização do marketing social como ferramenta direcionada ao controle do tabagismo e relacionada ao nível mais complexo e avançado de mudança social e, portanto, com caráter de maior dificuldade de implementação.

Introduction: Social marketing is acknowledgedly a tool public health management uses in Brazil. In the specific case of the promotion of tobacco control and prevention, it is important to analyze how its use occurs through the main national government agency that oversees this assignment. Objective: To analyze, based in the use of social marketing, to what level of complexity changes are being proposed to the society in relation to smoking. Method: By analyzing advertising campaigns the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) produces and utilizing the advertising discourse analysis approach, it was possible to direct the investigation and understand the process of building advertising pieces. Results: After the categorization of speeches, according to the predominance of their functions, it was possible to relate them to the levels of social change intended in each advertising piece and thereby understand how social marketing can be an important strategy to promote measures capable of preventing diseases, as is the case of cancer. Conclusion: The use of social marketing was identified as a tool aimed for tobacco control and related to the most complex and advanced level of social change and therefore, difficult to execute.

Introducción: El marketing social es reconocido como una herramienta utilizada por la gestión de salud pública en Brasil. En el caso de una promoción específica de la promoción y el control del tabaco, es importante analizar cómo proporciona uso a través de la principal agencia del gobierno nacional que detecta ese uso. Objetivo: Analizar, desde el uso del marketing social, en qué nivel de complejidad se están aplicando cambios en la sociedad en relación con el tabaquismo. Método: Al analizar las campañas publicitarias producidas por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) y utilizando un enfoque de análisis del discurso publicitario, fue posible dirigir una investigación y comprender el proceso de construcción de piezas publicitarias. Resultados: Después de la categorización de los discursos, de acuerdo con el predominio de sus funciones, fue posible relacionar los niveles de cambio social deseados en cada pieza publicitaria y así comprender cómo el marketing social puede ser una estrategia importante para promover medidas capaces de prevenir enfermedades, como es el caso del cáncer. Conclusión: El uso del marketing social se identificó como una herramienta dirigida al control del tabaco y al nivel más complejo y avanzado de cambio social, por lo tanto, con un carácter de mayor dificultad en la ejecución.

COVID-19 in hematology: data from a hematologic and transplant unit

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been addressed in cancer care to mitigate the impact on the patient's prognosis. We addressed our preparation to face COVID-19 pandemic in a Hematological and Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Brazil during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic and described COVID-19 cases in patients and health care workers (HCW). Modifications in daily routines included a separation of area and professionals, SARS-CoV-2 screening protocols, and others. A total of 47 patients and 54 HCW were tested for COVID-19, by PCR-SARS-CoV-2. We report 11 cases of COVID-19 in hematological patients (including 2 post stem cell transplant) and 28 cases in HCW. Hematological cases were most severe or moderate and presented with several poor risk factors. Among HCW, COVID-19 were mostly mild, and all recovered without hospitalization. A cluster was observed among HCW. Despite a decrease in the number of procedures, the Transplant Program performed 8 autologous and 4 allogeneic SCT during the period, and 49 onco-hematological patients were admitted to continuing their treatments. Although we observed a high frequency of COVID-19 among patients and HCW, showing that SARS-CoV-2 is disseminated in Brazil, hematological patients were safely treated during pandemic times.

Microbiological characteristics of infections in a group of colombian patients with oncological diagnosis, 2014 - 2016 / Características microbiológicas de infecciones en un grupo de colombianos con diagnóstico oncológico, 2014 - 2016

Objective: We aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of infections in patients from an oncological center during 2.014-2.016. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 7.837 cultures corresponding to 1.216 patients were included. Microbiological and sociodemographic data were taken from cancer diagnosed patients admitted to Oncólogos de Occidente S.A. in Pereira, Armenia, Manizales and Cartago from January 2.014 to December 2.016. The bacterial resistance profiles were defined according to the CLSI guideline. Culture foci were blood, urine, tissue biopsies, skin and soft tissues, mucous membranes and feces. Results: The culture-positive rate was 27,94%. Amongst 2.190 isolates, Escherichia coli (22,42%) was the most frequent, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (21,27%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (13,83%) and Staphylococcus aureus (5,11%). The most common mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negatives were Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (45,45%) and AmpC-type β-lactamases (37,71%). Discussion: Up to nearly one-third of our participants' cultures were positive and a vast majority were gram-negatives, provided with ESBLs or AmpCs which in oncological patients it is a catastrophic outcome. We recommend to establish antibiotic dispensing policies thus achieving a microbiological risk control and improve the epidemiological surveillance. Empirical use of beta-lactams with extended spectrum or cephalosporins of 1 to 3 generation is not recommended due to the high resistance found.

Objetivo: Describir las características microbiológicas de las infecciones en pacientes de un centro oncológico durante 2.014-2.016 Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Incluyó 7.837 cultivos de 1.216 pacientes. Se recolectaron variables microbiológicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en las sedes de Pereira, Armenia, Manizales y Cartago de Oncólogos de Occidente S.A. durante 2.014 hasta 2.016. Los perfiles de resistencia bacteriana se definieron de acuerdo con la guía CLSI. Los focos de cultivo fueron sangre, orina, biopsias de tejidos, piel y tejidos blandos, membranas mucosas y heces. Resultados: La tasa de cultivo positivo fue del 27,94%. De 2.190 aislamientos, E. coli (22,42%) fue el más frecuente, seguido de K. pneumoniae (21,27%), P. aeruginosa (13,83%) y S. aureus (5,11%). Los principales mecanismos de resistencia identificados en Gram negativos fueron β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (45,45%) y β-lactamasa de tipo AmpC (37,71%). Discusión: Cerca de un tercio de los cultivos de los participantes fueron positivos y una vasta mayoría fueron gram negativos, provistos con ESBL o AmpC, lo que en pacientes oncológicos es un desenlace catastrófico. Recomendamos establecer políticas de dispensación de antibióticos, logrando así un control de riesgo microbiológico y mejorar la vigilancia epidemiológica. No se recomienda el uso empírico de betalactámicos con espectro extendido o cefalosporinas de 1 a 3 generación debido a la alta tasa de resistencia encontrada.

Percepções de um grupo de voluntários frente ao trabalho com pacientes oncológicos / Perceptions of a group of volunteers of the work with oncological patients

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de um grupo de voluntários frente ao trabalho com pacientes oncológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por voluntários do Expresso Alegria. Foram selecionados voluntários que vão frequentemente às visitas hospitalares, pelo menos uma vez ao mês e que não estejam em fase de treinamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, por meio de um questionário aberto. A investigação foi realizada em três etapas: reunião com o responsável do Expresso Alegria; abordagem individual para formalização do convite e coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados nove participantes. Para interpretação, os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos resultados foram elaboradas três categorias empíricas. O estudo apresentou a importância do trabalho voluntário no tratamento dos pacientes oncológicos, levando alegria, conforto e humanização ao ambiente. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze the perception of a group of volunteers regarding the work with cancer patients. It is a descriptive-exploratory research, with a qualitative approach. The study population consisted of volunteers from Expresso Alegria. The volunteers selected were those who frequently go to hospital visits, at least once a month, and who are not undergoing training. Data collection took place after approval by the Research Ethics Committee, through an open questionnaire. The investigation was carried out in three stages: meeting with the head of Expresso Alegria; individual approach to formalize the invitation and collect data. Nine participants were interviewed. For interpretation, data were submitted to Bardin's content analysis. From the results, three empirical categories were elaborated. The study showed the importance of voluntary work in the treatment of cancer patients, as they bring joy, comfort and humanization to the environment. (AU)

Cáncer en el adulto mayor en Latinoamérica: cooperación interdisciplinaria entre oncología y geriatria / Cancer in older adults in Latin America: interdisciplinary cooperation between oncology and geriatrics

RESUMEN Latinoamérica, al igual que el resto del mundo, se está enfrentando actualmente a las consecuencias del envejecimiento poblacional, entre las que se incluye el aumento en la incidencia de neoplasias malignas en adultos mayores, con un subsecuente incremento en la uso de servicios de salud oncológicos. La oncología geriátrica es una disciplina de reciente creación que suma principios geriátricos a los avances oncológicos para ofrecer un tratamiento individualizado a los adultos mayores con cáncer. Este abordaje multidisciplinario actualmente es recomendado en el cuidado oncológico rutinario en adultos mayores. En Latinoamérica existen varias iniciativas asistenciales de enseñanza e investigación en oncología geriátrica; sin embargo, el número de centros especializados y la disponibilidad de personal capacitado en el área es limitada en comparación con los recursos disponibles en países de ingresos altos. En este trabajo se describen recomendaciones internacionales para la implementación de los principios de la oncología geriátrica en la práctica clínica habitual, los centros y recursos con los que se cuenta en Latinoamérica y los retos a futuro para mejorar la atención multidisciplinaria de los adultos mayores con cáncer en la región.(AU)

ABSTRACT Latin America, like the rest of the world, is currently facing the consequences of population aging. Among these consequences is a rise in incidence in malignant neoplasms among older adults, with an anticipated increase in oncologic health service requirements in this population. Geriatric oncology is a recently created discipline which integrates geriatric principles into oncology care to offer older adults with cancer individualized treatments. This multidisciplinary approach is now recommended as part of routine oncology care by international associations. Although several geriatric oncology clinical, educational and research initiatives exist in Latin America, the number and availability of specialized facilities and personnel is limited in comparison to those in high-income regions. In this manuscript, we review international recommendations for the implementation of geriatric oncology principles into routine clinical practice, describe resources available for geriatric oncology in Latin America, and provide recommendations to improve multidisciplinary care for older adults with cancer in the region.(AU)

Características de las fungemias en un centro de referencia del Perú: retrospectiva de cinco años / Characteristics of fungemia in a peruvian referral center: 5-year retrospective analysis

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de conocer las características de las fungemias en 285 pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados del 2012 al 2016 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se evaluó información demográfica, clínica y microbiológica. Las fungemias por C. albicans predominaron en pacientes con tumores sólidos y sin neutropenia, mientras las causadas por C. tropicalis predominaron en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas y neutropenia. C. tropicalis fue el agente más aislado (47,0%). Las fungemias aumentaron con el tiempo en los pacientes sin neutropenia. Las fungemias causadas por C. albicans aumentan con la edad en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Se concluye que las fungemias son mayormente causadas por C. tropicalis en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas con neutropenia y por C. albicans en pacientes con tumores sólidos sin neutropenia. Además, las fungemias en pacientes sin neutropenia aumentan en el tiempo y las causadas por C. albicans, en tumores sólidos sin neutropenia, aumentan con la edad.

ABSTRACT Retrospective descriptive study carried out to determine the characteristics of fungemia in 285 cancer patients hospitalized from 2012 to 2016 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN). Demographic, clinical and microbiological information was evaluated. Fungemia by C. albicans predominated in patients with solid tumors and without neutropenia, while those caused by C. tropicalis predominated in patients with hematological neoplasia and neutropenia. C. tropicalis was the agent isolated in most cases (47.0%). Fungemia increased over time in patients without neutropenia. Fungemia caused by C. albicans increases with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. It is concluded that fungemia are mainly caused by C. tropicalis in patients with hematological neoplasia with neutropenia and by C. albicans in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia. In addition, fungemia in patients without neutropenia increases over time; and those caused by C. albicans increase with age in patients with solid tumors without neutropenia.

Validation of a German version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) in a sample of significant others of breast and gynaecologic cancer patients

There is no disease-specific instrument to measure the quality of life of significant others of cancer patients in Germany. In this study, we evaluated the reliability and construct validity of a German version of the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) in a sample of 212 caregivers of breast and gynaecologic cancer patients. The CQOLC was administered along with the World Health Organization Quality of Life short version (WHOQOL-BREF) to caregivers of patients taking part in a randomized-controlled intervention study. Data of 212 caregivers were gained at the baseline of the study. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's α. Construct validity was examined by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hypothesis testing. Correlations between change scores with patients' global health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were calculated for three time points to evaluate the responsiveness. The three subscales "burden", "disruptiveness", and "financial concerns" indicate to a good reliability of the instrument (Cronbach's α ranged between 0.754 and 0.832), while the subscale "positive adaptation" demonstrated low reliability ( α = 0.579). A CFA based on data from the whole set of CQOLC items resulted in CFI levels < .90, and a CFA without problematic items resulted in CFI levels also < .90. The construct validity of the CQOLC could be approved by a moderate to high convergence with close variables as the global HRQoL. Mean differences between caregivers of curatively or palliatively treated patients were nonsignificant ( p = 0.959) at T1. Correlations for responsiveness were low with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.030 to 0.326. These data indicate that additional research is needed to further verify the validity of the instrument. The German scale of the CQOLC might be appropriate for clinical and research use, if the wording of some items is refined and if content validity is also assessed by caregivers themselves. The assessment of cancer patients' caregiver's quality of life can contribute to a better understanding of the effects of patient-oriented interventions including also closely involved next of kin's around the cancer patients.

Atención odontológica de pacientes oncológicos desde la perspectiva de actores institucionales en Cali, Colombia, 2019 / Dental care in cancer patients from the perspective of institutional actors in Cali, Colombia 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar la atención odontológica de los pacientes oncológicos desde la perspectiva de diferentes actores institucionales en Cali, durante el año 2019. Méto-dos: estudio de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo que empleó la entrevista semiestructurada como herramienta de recolección de datos. Las preguntas de la entrevista incluyeron las siguientes categorías: atención, acceso, integralidad, limitaciones, fortalezas y reco-mendaciones. Participaron quince actores institucionales relacionados con la atención del paciente con cáncer. Además, se realizó una revisión documental en las Institucio-nes Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud. Las preguntas. Resultados: los hallazgos signifi-cativos con los que se cuentan son: la identificación de la ausencia de guías de atención odontológica para los pacientes con cáncer, la presencia de barreras personales, eco-nómicas, organizacionales, sociales y culturales en el acceso al servicio y la no inclusión del profesional de odontología en las rutas de atención de cáncer en el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Como limitaciones se identificaron el fraccionamiento del servicio y la priorización de la patología de base; mientras que como fortaleza principal se reconoce la capacidad instalada. Así, las recomendaciones, dirigidas a los diferentes sectores, procuran por el establecimiento de guías de atención, una mayor articulación entre entidades y la visibilización de la problemática. Conclusión: aunque la ciudad tie-ne suficiente capacidad instalada, los entrevistados manifestaron que no cuentan con una directriz desde el ente rector, por lo tanto, se evidencian barreras en la atención odontológica. Asimismo, se determina la falta de articulación entre las diferentes insti-tuciones que impide el cumplimiento de la atención integral y equitativa.

Objective: To characterize dental care in cancer patients from the perspective of different health institutional actors in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, 2019. Methods: This is a qualitative, descriptive study. Semi structured interviews were used as a research technique, oriented to fifteen institutional health actors who play a role in cancer care in Cali, Colombia. The questions included the following six axial categories: oral care in cancer patients, access, comprehensive care, restrictions, strengths, and suggestions for improvement from the institutional actors. A textual transcription was done after the interviews. Results: There are no Guides of oral care in cancer patients from the Ministry of health and social protection. Access to oral care service has personal, economical, organizational, social, and cultural barriers. Cancer care routes from de Ministry of Health do not include dentists as part of the multidisciplinary teams. Restrictions such as fragmentation of the service and prioritization of the primary pathology were described. Installed capacity for oral health services was mentioned as a strength; and the main recommendations were to establish Guides for oral care, better coordination between health entities and highlighting the lack of oral care in cancer patients. Conclusions: Even though Cali has a sufficient installed capacity, the interviewees stated that they don ́t have a guideline from the Ministry of Health and therefore evident barriers in oral care in cancer patients are found. Lack of articulation between Health entities prevents compliance of a comprehensive and equitable care. Recommendations to different sectors were made by respondents in order to improve dental care in cancer patients.